為什麼有些人總是遲到? The Science behind Lateness
一說到時間管理，我們很少想到的最基本技能之一就是我們的時間感。
目錄 / Tips & Analysis / More to Learn / 中文翻譯(& 答案)
混合題型
We all have friends who are late for everything. You tell them to arrive at seven, and they arrive at seven-thirty or later. Or maybe the late one in your friend group is you. What makes it so hard to arrive on time? There are many factors behind why some people seem constantly late for every event.
When it comes to time management, one of the most fundamental skills we rarely think about is our perception of time. How much time we believe has passed can affect our punctuality. Researchers at San Diego State University conducted a study to figure out how people measure time. They divided test subjects into two groups based on their personality: Type A people, who had traits of being ambitious and competitive, and Type B people, who were more creative, reflective, and explorative. They found that Type A people felt a minute had gone by after about 58 seconds, while Type B people felt a minute had passed after roughly 77 seconds. This discovery meant that Type B people believed they had more time than they actually did, which, more often than not, made them late.
There are also mental factors that can contribute to chronic tardiness. People with anxiety problems may be more critical of themselves; therefore, it takes more time for them to get ready. For example, they may worry about how their outfit looks, so they need a lot more time to get dressed.
But how can one overcome lateness? For one, you can set all the clocks in your home 15 minutes fast. Adding 15 minutes to the time you need to get ready is also helpful. That way, you’ll hopefully leave your home on time. With some self-reflection and time management, lateness can be a thing of the past.
1. Which word in the passage means “the fact of arriving or doing something at the expected time”?(簡答)
_______________________________________
2-3. Fill in the blanks with the information contained in the passage.(填空題)
Type Personality How They Measure Time
Type A People are ___2___ and have a strong wish to be successful Type A people felt a minute had passed ___3___ than what Type B felt.
Type B People are creative, reflective, and explorative
4. Check (✓) the people who are likely to have a problem with being on time.(勾選題)
Statement Check
Ed is a teacher. He spends lots of time preparing his teaching materials.
Amy is an artist. She’s much more creative than other people.
Sally is a student. Her clocks are set 20 minutes fast.
Willy is an office worker. He feels that minutes pass slower than they actually do.
單字片語整理
Words in Use
●
management [ˋmænɪdʒmənt]
n. 經營，管理；資方，管理階層
●
divide [dɪˋvaɪd]
vt. & vi. （使）劃分 / 分開；除以
n. 分歧
●
measure [ˋmɛʒɚ]
n. 度量單位；衡量標準
vt. 測量；衡 / 估量；尺寸（或數量等）為……
●
ambitious [æmˋbɪʃəs]
a. 有野心的
●
conduct [kənˋdʌkt]
vt. 處理；指揮（樂團）
●
perception [pɚˋsɛpʃən]
n. 感知，感覺（不可數）；洞察力（不可數）； 觀點（可數）
●
competitive [kəmˋpɛtətɪv]
a. 競爭的
●
overcome [͵ovɚˋkʌm]
.vt. 克服
●
fundamental [͵fʌndəˋmɛnt!]
n. 基礎（常用複數）
a. 重要的；基本的
●
anxiety [æŋˋzaɪətɪ]
n. 焦慮
●
trait [tret]
n. 特質，特點
●
chronic [ˋkrɑnɪk]
a. 慢性的
●
outfit [ˋaʊt͵fɪt]
n. 全套服裝 / 裝備
vt. 提供全套服裝
●
hopefully [ˋhopfəlɪ]
adv. 但願
●
rarely [ˋrɛrlɪ]
adv. 很少地，罕有地
●
constantly [ˋkɑnstəntlɪ]
adv. 經常地
●
go by
（時間）逝去
●
explorative [ɛkˋsplorətɪv]
a. 探索的
●
self-reflection [ˌsɛlfrɪˈflɛkʃən]
n. 自我反省，內省
Practical Phrases
●
figure out... / figure... out 想出……，弄明白……
We need to figure out a way to fix this problem.
我們得想出個方法來解決這個問題。
●
contribute to... 引起 / 導致……
= result in
= give rise to
●
be critical of... 批評……
Most environmentalists are critical of building a dam in that area.
大多數環保人士都對在那個地區建造水壩一事嚴加批評。
●
reflective clothing 有反光材質的衣物
At nights, children should wear reflective clothing to
make themselves more visible to automobile drivers.
在深夜，孩童應穿有反光材質的衣物，好讓汽車駕駛人更容
易看到自己。
●
divide A into B 將 A 分成 B
Mr. Lin divided the class into two groups.
林老師把全班分成兩組。
●
more often than not 往往，通常
Getting out of bed in the morning is, more often than not, a struggle for me.
對我而言，早上要從被窩裡爬起來往往是一番掙扎。
●
perception of time 時間感 （也稱為時間知覺，是指人在不使用任何計時工具的情況 下，對客觀現象延續性和順序性的感知）
Tips & Analysis
What makes it so hard to arrive on time?
This discovery meant that Type B people believed they had more time than they actually did, which, more often than not, made them late.
介紹 make 作不完全及物動詞的用法
※ make 作不完全及物動詞時，表「使成為，使變得」，加受詞後，須再接受詞補語來補充說明受詞的狀態， 受詞補語可以是名詞或形容詞(如上列第二句中的用 法)。句型如下:
make
受詞
名詞(使......成為......)
形容詞(使......變得......)
• Marrying Prince Charles made Diana a princess.
和查爾斯王子結婚使黛安娜成為王妃。
• Mia’s boyfriend tried to make her happy on her birthday.
蜜雅的男友設法在蜜雅生日那天讓她開心。
※ make 之後不可用不定詞片語作受詞，須用虛受詞 it 取代，接了名詞或形容詞作受詞補語之後，再接不定 詞片語(如上列第一句中的用法)。句型如下:
make
it
名詞∕形容詞
to V(使做......成為......)
• Joanna makes it a rule to eat at least five servings of fruit and vegetables every day.
喬安娜養成每天至少吃五份蔬果的習慣。
• Rainy days make it inconvenient to commute to work by bike. 下雨天使騎腳踏車上下班很不方便。
※ 不定詞片語之前還可加上 for sb/sth，表「使做⋯⋯對 某人/某物而言變得⋯⋯」。
make
it
名詞∕形容詞
for sb/sth
to V
• Saving money now makes it possible for you to have a better future.
現在儲蓄可能使你有更美好的未來。
精選試題
The bank loan will make _____ possible for me to start my own business.
(A) that
(B) it
(C) them
(D) what
答案:B
More to Learn
get dressed 穿衣服
• Hurry up and get dressed for the party, or we’ll be late.
快點把衣服穿好去參加派對，不然我們會遲到。
以下介紹「穿衣服」的英文說法:
a. dress up 盛裝打扮
= dress oneself up
= get all dressed up
• It’s a formal party, so you’ll have to dress up.
那是正式的派對，因此你必須盛裝出席。
get dressed 和 dress up 都有穿衣服的意思，但 get dressed 指的是「穿上普通的衣服」，而 dress up 則是「特別打扮、穿上漂亮衣服」之意。
b. put on... 是表示「穿上」這個動作最常用的說法， 也可以表「戴上」帽子、手錶、珠寶等任何可穿戴 在身上的東西;take off... 則表示「脫掉⋯⋯」。
• It’s freezing outside. Put on your jacket, or you’ll catch a cold.
外面冷死了。穿上夾克，要不然你會感冒。
• You should take off your hat when entering a building.
進大樓時你應該把帽子脫掉。
c. slip into... 和 throw on... 則表示「快速穿上衣服」。
• My brother just slipped into a T-shirt and sweatpants because he was in a rush.