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地震來了怎知道？手機「劇透」報你知 Understanding Earthquake Early Warning Systems
Understanding Earthquake Early Warning Systems
#閱讀測驗 #數位·科技·科學 #安全·醫療
10/10 解析英語
作者 Mark Darvill
閱讀時間 6分鐘
聽講解 聽朗讀 本圖文出處:
MP3:[attach]140595111[/attach]
地震來了怎知道？手機「劇透」報你知 Understanding Earthquake Early Warning Systems
「嗶 ── 嗶 ── 嗶。」你的手機在深夜裡大叫著，把你吵醒了。
目錄 / More to Learn / Grammar Tips / 中文翻譯(& 答案)
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“Beep—beep—beep.” Your phone roars in the dead of night and wakes you up. Adrenaline surges as a low rumble shakes the pictures on the nightstand. Panic threatens, but you remember the earthquake drill you practiced. You drop to the ground, take cover under your desk, and hold on tight. Though the shaking intensifies, relief washes over you because you knew it was coming thanks to the warning. How do we get these precious seconds before an earthquake hits? Enter earthquake early warning systems, life-saving tools that provide a crucial head start for taking cover or evacuating.
Operating through a network of sensors strategically positioned in earthquake-prone regions, earthquake early warning systems detect initial seismic waves with remarkable precision. These waves are split into two categories: primary (P) and secondary (S) waves. P waves travel through the Earth at the highest speeds, preceding the slower but more destructive S waves. After the system senses P waves, it uses this information to assess the earthquake’s approximate location and strength. It then transmits this critical information to individuals and organizations in at-risk areas via mobile applications and other automated communication channels before S waves arrive.
While this system may sound reliable, it has limitations. Because of the speed of P and S waves, the window of opportunity for taking action is inevitably limited, especially in densely populated areas. Additionally, an early warning system alone cannot prevent damage or casualties from earthquakes. Its effectiveness is maximized only when it’s combined with widespread public awareness. It is imperative that the public be thoroughly educated on how to appropriately respond when earthquakes strike, including immediate actions to take, identification of safe locations, and familiarity with evacuation routes.
Earthquakes can be destructive and unpredictable. Hopefully, by combining technology with informed action, we can better protect ourselves and our communities from their devastating impact.
1. How does the author begin the passage?
(A) By describing a scenario when an earthquake strikes.
(B) By detailing what people should do in case of an earthquake.
(C) By outlining the possible damage an earthquake might bring.
(D) By providing the developing history of earthquake early warning systems.
2. What is the correct order of how earthquake early warning systems work when an earthquake strikes?
a. S waves travel through the Earth.
b. Earthquake early warning systems send out warnings.
c. P waves travel through the Earth.
d. Earthquake early warning systems analyze the data.
(A) a → c → d → b
(B) c → a → d → b
(C) a → d → b → c
(D) c → d → b → a
3. What aspect of earthquake early warning systems is NOT discussed in the passage?
(A) What can be done to maximize their effectiveness.
(B) How they help people when an earthquake occurs.
(C) The cost of building one.
(D) The challenges they face.
4. Which of the following is NOT an example of “informed action” mentioned in the last paragraph?
(A) Being aware of evacuation shelters nearby.
(B) Learning how to design an app for earthquake warnings.
(C) Finding cover as soon as receiving an earthquake warning.
(D) Being conscious of the way to escape once an earthquake hits.
單字片語整理
Words in Use
●
precision [prɪˋsɪʒən]
n. . 精確性
●
split [splɪt]
vi. 分開
.vt. 劈開；分裂
n. 裂口；意見分歧
●
threaten [ˋθrɛtn]
vt. 威脅……；有……的前兆
●
intensify [ɪnˋtɛnsə͵faɪ]
vi. 加劇
vt. 增強，強化
●
evacuate [ɪˋvækjʊ͵et]
vi. & vt. . 撤離
●
evacuation [ɪ͵vækjʊˋeʃən]
n. 撤離
●
precede [ pri`sid ]
vt. 在……之前
●
destructive [dɪˋstrʌktɪv]
a. 破壞的
●
assess [əˋsɛs]
vt. 評估；對……估價
●
devastating [ˋdɛvəs͵tetɪŋ]
adj. 毀滅性的
●
approximate [əˋprɑksəmɪt]
vt. & vi. 近似於
a. . 大概的 & [ J`praksJ:met ]
●
populated [ˋpɑpjə͵letɪd]
a. 有人居住的
●
casualty [ˋkæʒjʊəltɪ]
n. . 傷亡人數（可數）
●
maximize [ˋmæksə͵maɪz]
vt. 極大化；充分利用
●
identification [aɪ͵dɛntəfəˋkeʃən]
n. 身分證明（不可數，縮寫為 ID）
●
familiarity [fə͵mɪlɪˋærətɪ]
n. . 通曉，熟悉；親近（皆為不可數）
●
unpredictable [͵ʌnprɪˋdɪktəb!]
a. 不可預料的，難以預料的
Extra Words
●
adrenaline [ædˋrɛn!ɪn]
n. 腎上腺素
●
surge [sɝdʒ]
n. & vi. 激增，上揚；急衝，湧入
●
rumble [ˋrʌmb!]
vi. 發出轆轆聲
●
nightstand
n. 床頭櫃
●
strategically [strəˋtidʒɪk!ɪ]
vt. . 傳送（電視、廣播等）；傳播（疾病或能量）
●
at-risk [ætˋrɪsk]
a. 處於危險的
●
automated [ˋɔtometɪd]
a. 自動化的
●
inevitably [ɪnˋɛvətəblɪ]
adv. 不可避免地，必然地
●
informed [ɪnˋfɔrmd]
a. 了解情況的
●
scenario [sɪˋnɛrɪ͵o]
n. 可能發生的情景 / 局面
●
the dead of night 深夜
●
a head start （競賽或賽跑等中）先起步的優勢 （本文表在地震來襲前能提前反應的時間、優勢）
●
the window of opportunity 時機之窗（指可以做某件事的短暫時機）
Practical Phrases
●
take cover 找到掩護處
It was raining, and I couldn’t find any placeto take cover.
當時正在下雨，而我找不到地方躲雨。
●
hold on tight 緊緊抓住
Hold on tight. We’re about to go on the wild ride.
抓緊囉。我們刺激的遊樂設施之旅要開始了。
●
wash over sb （感覺）向某人襲來
When her husband showed up after she was in a car accident, a feeling of relief washed over Elaine.
依蓮的丈夫在她出車禍後出現時，她感到如釋重負。
●
with precision 精準地
= precisely
The professor chose his words with precision. 這位教授用字遣詞很精準。
●
split sth into 將某物（劃）分成⋯⋯
More to Learn
earthquake-prone a. 易於∕經常發生地震的
• Japan is one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world.
accident-prone 容易發生意外的
acne-prone 容易長痘痘的
fire-prone 容易發生意外的
flood-prone 容易發生水患的
injury-prone 容易受傷的
• Ken is quite accident-prone and often gets injured while working.
阿肯很容易發生意外，經常在工作時受傷。
• The dry weather has made the forest particularly fire-prone this season.
乾燥的天氣使這個季節的森林特別容易發生火災。
prone 亦常用於以下句型：
be prone to V 往往會∕易於……
= be inclined to V
= be liable to V
= tend to V
• If I go out in the sun for too long, I’m prone to get a serious sunburn.
假如我在陽光下待太久，就很容易嚴重晒傷。
Grammar Tips
It is imperative that the public be thoroughly educated on how to appropriately respond when earthquakes strike, ...
介紹意志形容詞的用法
意志形容詞就是表示「有必要的」、「適當的」等形容詞，常用的此類形容詞如下：
advisable 明智的，值得建議的
crucial 至關重要的
desirable 可取的，令人嚮往的
essential 必要的，不可或缺的
imperative、necessary 必要的
important 重要的
recommendable 值得推薦的
urgent 刻不容緩的，緊急的
vital 極其重要的
以上形容詞與 that 子句形成下列句型時，that 子句恆使用助動詞 should，而 should 往往予以省略。
• It is advisable that your password contain no personal information.
你的密碼不包含個人資料的做法是明智的。
• It is necessary that the project (should) be carried out immediately.
該計畫有必要立刻執行。
• It is urgent that everybody conserve energy and reduce carbon emissions.
地震預警系統透過策略性布置在地震多發區域的一系列感測器來運作，能夠非常精準地偵測到初期的地震波。這些地震波分為兩類：縱波（P 波）和橫波（S 波）。P 波以最快速度穿過地球，在速度較慢但更具破壞性的 S 波前到來。系統在感知到 P 波後，利用這些資訊評估地震的大致位置和強度。系統接著會透過手機應用程式和其他自動化通訊管道，將這個關鍵資訊傳送給處於風險區域的人和組織，趕在 S 波到來之前發出預警。
儘管這個系統可能聽起來很可靠，但它有限制。由於 P 波和 S 波的傳播速度，採取行動的短暫時機必然是有限的，特別是在人口密集的地區。此外，單靠預警系統無法防止地震造成的損害或人員傷亡。只有當預警系統與大眾對地震廣泛的意識結合時，其效用才能最大化。大眾必須完整地學習在地震來臨時如何適當應對，包括要立即採取的行動、辨識安全地點和熟悉疏散路線。